Ernst ksrting



PATENTED JAN. 5, 1904.

2 s'H\E ETs- SBET 1.

Inventor;

APPLICATION FILED FEB.28, 19(12.

E. KORTING. INTERNAL GOMBUSIION ENGINE.

N0 MODEL attesa.-

PATENTED JAN. 5, 1904.

E. KETING.

INTERNAL GMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 2B, 1902.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

N0 M0 EL.

Inventor:

i5 STATES Patented January 5, 1904;.

PATENT OFFICE.,

INTERNAL-COMBUSTIONl ENGINE.

SPECIFICATION formingpart of Letters Patent No. 748,959, dated January5` 1904.

Applicatiouiiled February 28. 1902. Serial No. 96.036. (No model.)

.To a/ZZ whom t may concern:

neer, of Krt ingsdorf, near Hanover, Prussia, German Empire, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in or' Appel-taining toInternal-Combustion Engines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in or appertaining tointernal-.combustion engines in which the charge introduced into thecylinders by special devices at the end of the outward or at the beginning` of the inward stroke sweeps away the residues of combustion of thepreceding power-stroke. Accord` ing to the present invention the chargeis as it enters the cylinder given a whirling and rolling motion more orlessv at right angles to the axis of the cylinder, and this in such amanner that the charge is as far as practicable maintained in a coherentmass and is prevented from radiating and becoming mixed with the residuesof the previous power-stroke. In such an engine it is, however,absolutely necessary that a layer or stratum'of inert gas' (air) shouldbe located between the still glowing` residues, of the previousexplosion and the new charge, so thatthe latter does not4 ignite bycontact with the said residues. It is alsov necessary to provide specialmeans whereby the'quantity of the charge may ber altered withoutaectingits location and re lation to the air and residues or alteringits composition whenever the load on the engine varies. It is alsodesirable to provide a valve mechanism for the admission of the chargeinto the cylinder which acts at very short intervals of time and asnoiselessly as possible, and, finally, a special device is requisite bymeans of which the combustible charge which in these engines varies invvolume according to the load is made to burn completely and withsufficient rapidity.

In order to imparta whirling and rolling motion to. the new charge,which motion is necessary for separating Athe same from the residuesofthe previous power-stroke, I provide a number of liat disk-shapedpuppet-` valves with axial motion in the bottom of the combustion-chamber. The current of gas entering through each valve is caused bythe disk to assume the form of an annular jet at right angles to theaxis of the cylinder.

All these jets impinge against one another land against the Walls of thecylinder, in

consequence of which the required motion is obtained. For bringing thenecessary layer of inert gas (air) between the residues and theexplosive charge I use two pumps which have equal strokes. One of thesepumps delivers the air and the other supplies the combustible gas, theratio of the pistonareas being equal (or nearly so) to that of thequantities of air and gas to be admitted. The gas-pump is tted with adevice which is so contrived that the piston after having accomplished acertain portion of its instroke vcommences to compress the gas in thecylinder of the pump and continues the compression during the remainingportion of the instroke. The air-pump, on the contrary, compresses theair contained in its cylinder from the very beginning of the instroke.The delayed compression of the gas in the pump is edected either bythrot- ,tling the gas-inlet duringY the suction-stroke of thepump-pistou or by establishing during the required portion of the strokea communication between the suction and pressure chambers. The air-pumptherefore forces first air alone into the engine-cylinder and as soon asthe gas-pump begins to coperatie both pumps force into the said cylindergas `and air in the ratio of* their piston areas, so

that the mixture in the required proportions is formed at the entranceinto the cylinder. Owing to the above-described construction of theinlet this mixture is as far as practicable kept separated from the airthat precedes it, while at the same time and for the same reason thisair is as far as possible prevented from mixing with the residues of theipr'evious power-stroke. For obtaining a variable quantity of thegaseous mixture having a constant composition the governor is connectedeither with the aforementioned throttle-valve in such a manner that whenlthe load decreases the gas-inlet is throttled during the suction-strokeof the gas-pump or the governor is connected to the device whichestablishes thecommunication between 'the suction and delivery chambersof the said IDO the form of puppet-valves are self-acting valves andadmit the air and gas into the engine-cylinder, while the closing iseffected automatically through the action of springs.

For secu ring a regular ignition of a charge which is at one time largeand at another small a number of igniters is provided. One of theseigniters is located in proximity to the inlet-valve, while the other isnear the limit of the piston-instroke.

The invention is best understood by reference to the accompanyingdrawings, in which- Figure l is a longitudinal section of adouble-acting gas-engine fitted with the hereinbet'ore-describedimprovements. This figure is diagrammatic as regards the parts of theengine which do not affect the invention. Fig. 2 is a plan of the enginepartly in section. Fig. 3 is a horizontal section of a modifiedconstruction for controlling the action of the gas-pump. Fig. 4 is adetail of parts shown in Fig. 3; Fig. 5, a vertical cross sectionthrough the working cylinder.

yIn the drawings, ay is the working cylinder of the gas-engine, l? thepiston, and c the piston-rod. The periphery of the middle part of thecylinder is provided with a plurality of exhaust-ports's, that open intoa passage connectedto the exhaust-pipe. The air is supplied to thevalve-chambers Z and Z' by the air-pump n through pipes o and o andopeningsfand f, while the gas is delivered by gas-pump'm through pipes1o and p and openings g and g' to said valve-chambers. 1 is thethrottling-valve, disposed in the gas-supply pipe and actuated by thegovernor. The charge is introduced at the cylinder-head through aplurality of valves e and e', arranged in a circle, whereby thedescribed internal motion of the particles of the entering .gas yby theimpinging of thel annular gas streams against one another is alsoobtained.

The operation of the engine is as follows: As soon as the Working pistonb uncovers the ports s the burnt charge escapes and the compressedcontents of pipes o and p' pass through the valve-chamber Z', in whichthe mingling of the gases takes place, and then enter thecombustion-chamber through the valves e, which open automatically whenthe pressure in the valve-chamber is sufliciently greater than thepressure in the combustioncliamber to move the valves against theirsprings. The action of the pumps is so regulated that their pistons arein or near the dead-points of their inward stroke When the engine-pistoncovers again the ports s on be'- ginning its insti-oke. The Whole of thecompressed charge must, therefore, be delivered into thecombustion-chamber during theshort time the ports s remain uncovered,and at the same time the vproducts of combustion must be swept out ofthe cylinder. The piston of the gas-pump begins to discharge the gasinto the pipe e only after part of its instroke has already beenachieved, Whereas the piston of the air-pump discharges the air into thedischarge-pipeofrom the very`beginningofitsinstroke. The inlet-valves ewill be closed when the two pump-pistons commence their instrokes, andsince the discharge-pipes of the two pumps are in communication witheach other through the valve-chamber Z part of the compressed air willenter through said chamber into the pipe lo', pushing the gas in thepipe backward and simultaneously compressing it until the piston of thegas-pump also begins to discharge. From this moment both pum ps act tocompress, the pipe p', however, remaining partly filled with pure air.Then when the valves c open both pipes o and p discharge their contentsthrough the valves e into the cylinder. These contents are pure air, tobegin with, until the pipe p' is emptied so gas reaches the valves,whereupon the gas and air together enter the valve-chamber Z', and afterbeing mixed therein pass through the valves e' into thecombustion-chamber.

As soon as both pump-pistons reach the end of their stroke valves eclose automatically under the action of their springs. The gas particlespassing through valves e impinge against oneanother and so form a layerof gas whichv rolls and whirlson itself, more or less, at right anglesto the axis of the cylinder as vit advances. This body of gas,consisting, tirst,of a stratum of pure air and then of a combustiblegaseous mixture, sweeps the residues of the previous explosion throughthe aforesaid ports s. The charge is then' compressed by the instroke ofthe piston and ig-V nited by the igniters tand t. While these operationstake place -on the one side of the piston, the other side of the sameaccomplishes its power-stroke, followed again by4 the working phasesjust described. The governor acts, as already stated, on thethrottling-valve r, so as to decrease the free area for the passage ofthe gas as soon as the load on the engine decreases. By this means boththe quantity of gas supplied bythe gas-pump and that of the combustiblemixture are decreased. l

Figs; 3 and 4 illustrate a modified device for commencing thecompressing of the gas in the gas-pu mp after the piston of this pumphas accomplished a portion of its stroke, and consists otmeans forestablishing during the required portion of the stroke a communicationbetween the suction andthe pressure chambers. The distributing-valvesuare operated by the combined action of two crankV movements andregulated 'by the governorrod. For this purpose the two-armed lever 3 4ot the valve mechanism is connected by means of the rod 2 and atwo-armed lever l to the piston-rod r, which receives its reciprocatingmotion from a crank, the second crank movement being imparted to thevalves u by a reciprocating rod '7. The movement of rod 7 is transmittedto the two-armed lever.A 3 4 by a link 6, swinging around a fixed point.'85 far that the pushed -back IIO ' attached to ther-od 5, connectedwith the twoarmed lever 3 4, the end of the rod 5 being connectedwith-the governor-rod 9; When this block is near the point 8 aroundwhich the link swings, the motion ofthe link has no eect onthe'distributing-valve, and this valve is actuatedl by thel piston-rodalone."

In this position the-communication between thesuct-ion and pressurespaces is kept openv for a period of the stroke that corresponds to theminimum of power required from the engine.` If now the block is moved'to the other end of the link, the reciprocating movement y combinationwith a cylinder having an exof the link 6 exerts its full action, andthe valve keeps the aforesaid communication open during' a smallerportion of the stroke of the gas-pump, so that the pump Ican' thendeliver the maximumquantity ot' gas. Each intermediate position of theblock correspouds'to a different rate of admission in the pump. The rod5,V on which the slide-block is arranged, Vis soccnnected to thegovernor that when the power to be exerted is small the block comesnearer the point around which the link oscillates, andA vice versa.

What Ifclainnand desire to secure by Letters Patent of the UnitedStates, is-V 1. In an internal -combustion engine the combination of acylinder having an exhaustport 'located at 'or near the point of the endofthe power-stroke of the piston, a-combustion-chamber located at theend of the cylinder from which the piston makes its powerstrokegapluralityv of inlet-openings in the head of the combustion-chamber, andpuppetvalves for controlling the passage of the charge through saidinlet-openings and acting to imparta whirling and rolling motion to thecharge as it enters the combustion-chamber, whereby the charge is causedto advance in a body through the combustion-chamber and the cylinderwithout diiusion with other gas, substantially as described.

2. In an internal-combustion engine the combination of a cylinder havingan exhaustport located at or near the point of the end of thepower-stroke of the piston, a combustion-chamber located at the end ofthe cylinder from which the piston makes its powerstroke, amixing-chamber, a pump for supplying air to the mixing-chamber, a pumpfor supplying gas to the mixing-chamber, a plurality of inlet-openingsin the head of the combustion-chamber leading from the mixing-chamber tothe combustion-chamber, and puppet-valves controlling the passage of thecharge through said openings and acting to impart a whirling and rollingmotion to the charge as itenters the combustion-chamber, whereby thecharge is caused to advance in a body through the combustion-chamber andthe cylinder, withoutdiusion with other gas, substantially as described.

3. In an internal-combustion engine, the combination with a cylinderhaving an exhaust-port located at or near the point of the end of thepoWer-stroke'of the piston, of a combustion-chamber located at the endof the cylinder from which the piston niakeslits ,power-stroke, aplurality of inlet-openings in` the head of the combustion-chambepandmeans for deiiectng the charge as it enters through said openings, .toimpart a whirling and rolling motion to the charge as it'enters thecombustion-chamber, whereby the charge is caused to advance in a bodythrough the' combustion-chamber and the cylinder without diusion withother gas, substantially as described. y

4. In an internal-combustion engine the cylinder from which the pistonmakes itsA power-stroke, a plurality of inlet-openings through the headof the combustion-chamber, means for introducing a charge of inert gasl(as air) before the introduction of the charge'. of explosive gas forthe purpose of separating the 'explosive gas from the residues of theprevious explosion, and means for deecting the charges of inert gas andexplosive gas as. they enter the combustion-chamber through saidopenings to impart a whirling and rolling motion to said charges,whereby they are caused to advance bodily through the combustion chamberand the cylinder without diffusion, substantially as described.

5.' In an internal-combustion engine the port located at or near thepoint ofn'the end of the power-'stroke of the piston, acombustionchamber located at the end of the cylinder from whichthepiston makes its power-stroke, a mixing-chamber, a pump for supplyingair to the mixing-chamber, a pump for supplying gas to themixing-chamber, a plurality of inlet-openings in the head of thecombustion-` chamber leading from the mixing-chamber to thecombustion-chamber, puppet-valves controlling the passage of the chargethrough said openings and acting to impart a whirling and rolling motionto the charge as it enters the combustion -chamber, whereby the .chargeis caused to advance in a body through combination with a cylinderhaving an exhaust-port located at or near the point of the end of thepower-stroke of -the piston, of a combustion-chamber located at the endof the ICO A combination of a cylinderhavingan exhaust- IIO IZO

cylinder from which the piston makes its 1 power-stroke, a plurality ofinlet-openings in the head of the combustion-chamber, means fordeflecting the charge as it enters through said openings, to impart awhirling and rolling motion to the charge as it enters the combustionchamber, whereby the charge is caused to advance in a body through thecombustion chamber and the cylinder without Y diusion with other gas, amixing-chamber communicating with said inlet-openings, a pum-p for air,a pump for gas, and means for establishing communication between thesuction-pipe and the pressure side of the cylinder of the gasfpumpduring a part of each compression-stroke of the pump-piston and closingduring such time communication between the pump-cylinder and itsdischargepipe, substantially as described.

7. In an internal-combustion engine, the combination with a cylinderhaving an eX- haust-port located at or near the point of the end of thepower-stroke of the piston, of a combustion-chamber located at the endof the cylinder from which the piston makes its power-stroke, aplurality of inlet-openings in the head of the combustion-chamber, meansfor deflecting the charge as it enters through saidopenings, to impart awhirling and roll- .ing motion to the charge as it enters the comlatingthe movement imparted to said valves for controlling the quantity of gassupplied to the combustion-chamber, substantially as described. v

8. In an internal-combustion engine, the

combination with a cylinder having an exhaust-port located at or nearthe point of the end of the power-stroke of the piston, of acombustion-chamber located at the end of the cylinder from which thepiston makes its power-stroke, a plurality of inlet-openings in the headof. the combustion-chamber, means for deiiecting the charge as it entersthrough said openings, to impart a whirling and rolling motion to thecharge as it enters the combustion chamber, whereby the charge is causedto advance in a -body through the combustion-chamber and the cylinderwithout diusion with other gas, distribution valves, and two or moreigniters in the combustion-chamber for securing a regular ignition,substantially as described.

9. In an internal-combustion engine the combination of acylinder havingan exhaustport located at or near the point of the end of thepower-stroke of the piston, a combustion-chamber located at the end ofthe cylinder from which the piston makes its powerstroke, a plurality ofinlet-openings arranged in a circle in the head of thecombustionchamber, and puppet-valves for controlling the passage of thecharge through said inletopenings and acting to impart a whirling androlling motion to the charge as it enters the combustion-chamber,whereby the charge is caused to advance in a body through thecombustion-chamber and the cylinder Without diffusion with other gas,substantially as described. v

. ERNST KORTING. Witnesses:

LEoNoRE RAscH, C. C. STEvENsoN.

